America gamah misi kihal masa pen in Colonel Henry Laurens hi-a, 1884 ciang-ciang a kihal 16 bek pha hi. 1899 kum ciangin bel a kihal 1996 bang hong pha ziau hi. Mi kihal hong tam semsem sam hangin tuma kum 100 lai ciangciang America gamah misi kihal pen 1% zong phazo pha lo hi. 1967 kum ciangin England gamah misi a tamzaw a kihal hangin America ah 4% khawng bek kihal hi.Ahi zongin 1999 kum ciangin misi khempeuh ih 25.39% bang kihal-a,2007 kum ciangin 34% kihal hi. Hi bangin a pai toh suaksuak ua leh 2025 kum ciangin misi 55% bang kihal ding hi, ci uh hi.
Leitung tangthu i-et ciangin tanglai pek-a kipan Greek-te kihal uh a, Rome-te bel kihal lo zaw uh hi. Ahi zongin tawlpi khat khit ciangin Rome-te in Greek-te ngeina hong etteh uh a, misi hong hal ta uh hi.Egypt-te in bel vui (phum) ciatciat uh a, a kumpi namte uh leh mihau namte pyramid hanpipite ah kivui-in mizawngte bel mun khatpeuh ah kivui lel uh hi. Confucian upna a kipat tunglamin siluang hal ding kikham mah ta leh a nung sangah kham zolo uh hi.Tu hun ciangin Sen gamah mi a tamzaw phial kihal ta uh hi. Japan gam bel leitungah mi kihal a tampenna hi-a, 98% bang kihal uh hi. Persia-te le Muslim-te kivui tangtang uh a, India gama Parsis-te (Zoroastrians) bel lah kihal lo, lah kivui lo – musane-te nek dingin Gamdaihna Tau tungah siluang koihin nusia uh hi. Judah-te leh Judah upna a neite ahi uh leh kihal ngeilo uh a, Abraham khanga kipan a kivui ciatciatte ahi uh hi.
Zomite ihih leh Pasian thu i theihma pek-a kipan a kivuite ihi-a, Pasian thu hong tunkhit ciangin zong tua i ngeina i zom toto hi. Kivui ding mah thupisa tek hi ding hi ve hang siluang omlo pi nangawn zong i vuibawl tangtang liang hi . Ahi zongin tuhun teh ei thu-umte sung mahmah ah “ka sih ciangin hong hal un,” aci i omom ta a, a kihal khin zong pawl khat i om hi. Mai lamah zong kivui sangin a kihal nuam zaw (a hal nuam zaw) tam semsem kha ding hi hang.
Tua ahih manin kihal ding maw, kivui ding – Laisiangtho in hong koici gen hiam? Pasian deihna koi hi zaw-a, koicih le hang i sih ciang nangawn-in Pasian min thangsak zaw thei ding ihi hiam? Kivuina kua pat hi-a, kihalna e leh kua pat hiam? Koi pan hong pai-a kuate in banghangin zang uh hiam, cih kikum suk ding hi hang.
Siluang Halna Koi pan Kipan
Kihalna pen India gam pana hong kipankhia masa hi dingin ki-ummawh hi. Kum tul tam simsim lai pek-a kipan Hindu biakna na zui uh a, a biakna uh tawh kizui-in a kihal uh ahi hi. Hindu upna ah kihalna pen “mihing hong piankhiatna ahi mei, tui, leitang, leh huih lak-a ciahkikna hi-a, mihing kha zong nuntakna thak khat a kipatkik theih na dinga a kisiansuahna ahi hi,” ci uh hi. Buddha upna ah zong tua bangmah hi-a, Hindu upna pan-a a lak uh ahi hi.
Buddha upna ah kihalna pen kivuina sangin thupi zaw ahih manin Buddha mahmah zong a sih cianga a kihal ahi hi (483 BC). A nungzuite in a thuhilh tampite a zuih loh uh hangin a sih cianga a kihalna bel zui bilbel uh, cih ding hi. Tua hi-a, Buddha upna ah siluang a kihal ciangin “mei kuang in siluang kim le paam-a om sikha gillote’ suk theihloh na dingin dal hi,” ci uh hi. Tua banah siluang a hal uh ciangin “a kha pen a pumpi pan paikhiat thei pan a,” “tua meikuang khuavak in misi pa/nu pen vantung khuavak ah a kha puakto hi,” ci uh hi. Tua banah mi a sih ciangin a kha paikhia lo-a, siluang tawh tawlkhat om thapai ahih manin hal kul hi. I hal ciang bek-in tua misi kha leh a pumpi kikhenkhia thei pan hi, ci uh hi.
A tunga Hindu-te le Buddhist-te sanzia le zuihzia-te i et ciangin siluang halna pen ngeina (culture) pana hong pai hilo-in, upna (theology) pana hong pai hi zaw ahih lam kimu thei hi. Tua ahih leh ei thu-umte in thu-umlote upna kalsuan zia zui ding ihi hiam? Laisiangtho in kihalna bangci gen ahi hiam?
Laisiangtho leh kihalna
Laisiangtho sungah siluang halna tawh kisai 4 vei khawng bek kimu thei hi: 1) Saul le a tateng. Saul le Philistine-te hong kido uh ciangin Saul in gal lel hi. Gal lel ahih manin amah le amah kithat-a, a tapa thum tawh si khawm hi. Tua ciangin Saul leh a tapa thum teng ih luanghawm Philistine-te in Gilboa mual tungah mu uh ahih manin ngawngtan uh a, Beth Shan khuakulhpi tungah khai uh hi. Jabesh Gilead khua mite in tua thu a theih uh ciangin a galhang teng uh tawh kuan uh a, Saul leh a tate luanghawm va la-in (zankim laitak-a paisim uh hih tuak) mei tawh hal uh hi. A guh cian lai sunsun teng kaikhawm uh a, Jabesh khua-a makeng kung nuai khat ah phum uh hi (1 Sam 31:8-13).
Banghanga hal uh hiam cih pen kithei lo hi. Ahi zongin Philistine-te in Saul leh a ta teng pen ngawngtawng vive-a a koih uh hi a, semnen gawpin a pumpi uh khuakulhpi tungah ni bangzah hiam khat a khai khitsa uh ahi hi. Uih zong uih khin ta mai kha dinga, a khut a khe nangawn uh zong kim nawn hetlo kha ding hi. Bangbang hi ta leh Saul leh a tate luanghawm hal uh ahihna kimu thei hi. Pasian taisanna a thuak Saul leh a innkuanpihte in thukhenna thuak uh ahih manin sihsia uh a, a luang nangawn uh kihal lailai hi.
2) Achan in duhhop huaihamna lungsim tawh Jericho khua panin van manpha pawl khat hong selsim hi. Ahi zongin Pasian in thei ahih manin Joshua tungtawnin mipi mai ah a mawhna khempeuh hong pholaak hi. Tua ciangin mipi in Achan leh a tate, a ganpi a gantate khempeuh suang tawh denglum uh hi. A sihkhit uh ciangin hal uh a, mei tawh Achan leh amah tawh a kisai khempeuh susia mang uh hi (John 7:1-26).
3) Moab-te in Edom kumpipa luanghawm hal uh ahih manin Pasian heh a, Moab mite tungah phu kong la ding hi, ci hi (Amos 2:1-3). Mei tawh hallup ding cih thadah a si khinsate nangawn mei tawh a kihal ciangin Pasian heh hi, cih kimu thei hi.
4) Israel-te in Pasian thu a manlohna uh hangin thukhenna thuak ding uh hi. A galte khutlum uah tampi si ding uh ahih manin a siluangte uh vui zolo/manlo ding uh a, a bukna uh panin misiluangte hal dingin va pua ding uh hi, ci hi (Amos 6:8-10).
Tua hi-a, hih a tunga mun 4 teng i-et ciangin Pasian thukhenna hanga gal sunga site a halna uh (1 Sam 31; Amos 6), Pasian thukhenna mah tawh mipi mai-a kideng lum-a a kihalte (Joshua 7), leh siluang a kihalna hanga Pasian hehnate kimu thei hi (Amos 2). Thuhoih-a kihal khat beek omlo a, a halte tung nangawn ah Pasian hehna om ahihna kimu thei hi. A tomin en le hang ‘mei tawh kihal’ cih pen Pasian mite zat hilo limlim ahihna kimu thei hi.
Ahi zongin hih a tunga Laisiangtho munte i-et ciangin tangthu vive hi-a, Pasian thu a manglote tunga thupiang pawlkhat hong kigenna hilel hi. Mi siluang hal ding le hal loh ding tawh kisai hong gen hi masa lo hi. Amaute in hal uh aih teh en zong hal ni, cih theih omlo a, hal un, hal kei un, ci-a sawlna zong om tuanlo hi.
Mi Kihallum Pawlkhat
Laisiangtho sungah siluang kihalna tawh kisai hih a tunga mun 4 bek ah a kimuh theih hangin mei tawh a kihallum bel tam kimu simsim hi. Tuate pawlkhat en leng: 1) Aaron’ tate (Nadab le Abihu) in Pasian phalna omlo pi-in meihal biakpiakna pia uh ahih manin Pasian in a unau un mei tawh hallum hi (Lev 10:1-2); 2) Korah leh makai dang 250 val khawng in Moses hong langpan uh ciangin Pasian in tua Korah leh a pawlteng khempeuh mei tawh hallum hi (Num 16); 3) Samson zi citak zolo ahih manin a khuapihte in a tawpna ah Samson zi leh a sunghpa mei tawh hallum uh hi (Jud 15:6). Tua hi-a, mei tawh kihallupna pen Pasian thukhenna lian khat ahih lam kimu thei hi.
Kihallupna Thuak ding Mite
Siampi laibu sungah Pasian in mawhna pawl khat mudah deuh ahih manin tua mawhna a bawlte thah dingin thupia-a, a sihkhit uh ciangin hal dingin thupia lai hi: 1) Mi khat in nupi nuta (a nu le a tanu) khatpeuh a tenpih leh tua pa kithat dinga a luang kihaltum ding hi, ci hi (Lev 20:14).Banghangin hih mawhna a bawlte in thukhenna tuampi khat thuak se uh hiam, cih i theihloh hangin hih mawhna pen Pasian in mudah deuh ahihna kimu thei hi. Tua bannah siampi khat ih tanu pen numei kizuak hong suah leh tua nu thu kikhen dinga kihal ding hi, ci hi (Lev 21:9). Numei kizuak khempeuh hallup dingin gen lo-a, siampi khat ih tanu – tua bangin hong gamtat leh hallup ding hi, ci hi. Banghang hiam cih leh tua nu in a pa (siampi pa) maizumsak hi.
Laisiangtho Thak pawlpi sungah bel a tuacite na that un la, na hal un, cih bang omlo hi. Mawhna a bawlbawl, a kisikkik nuam lote bel pawlpi in khalna pia-a, a kisap le zong hepkhiat dingin hong gen hi. Gtn: Kawlentu pawlpi sungah mi khat in a pa zikik mawhpih ahih manin Paul in tua pa pumpi Satan khut sungah ka ap hi, ci-in pawlpi pan a hepkhiatna thu hong gen hi.
Tua hi-a, thukhenna a thuakte siluang a kihalna, thukhenna a thaukte a kihallupna, leh mawhna pawlkhat hanga hallupna a thuak dingte – cih bangin kimu thei-a, kihalna limlim (a huamin) Pasian thukhenna khat ahih lam kitel thei hi. Tua banah, kihalna pen ngeina (culture) pana hong pai hilo-a, upna (theology) pana hong pai ahih zawkna zong kimu thei hi.
Laisiangtho leh Kivuina
Laisiangtho sung i-et ciangin sivuina pen Pasian teltuam Israel-te ngeina khat ahihna kimu thei-a, siluang halna tawh kisai bel a ngeina uh hi hetlo hi (Pasian thukhenna a thuakte bek).
Laisiangtho Lui sungah ‘sivui,’ ahih kei leh ‘han’ (‘קבר’) cih kammal pen 200 val vei kimu thei-a, kuahawm sung (Gen 23:19), huan sung (1 Kgs 21:18), lam gei (Gen 48:7), singkung nuai (Gen 35:8), sehnel gam (1 Kgs 2:34), mual tung (2 Chro 32:33), cihte-a kivuina-in kizang hi. Leisung ngiat ah phum maw, kuahawm sungah lumsak maw – koi ci banga kivui hiam, cih a kitheih lian loh hangin ‘kivui’ ahih lam kithei hi.
Laisiangtho Thak ah ‘kiphum/vui’ (θαπτω) kammal 10 vei kimu thei-a, ‘kivui’ (ταφη) leh ‘han’ (ταφος) kammal 7 vei kimu thei hi. Han sunga kivui zong hi thei-a (Acts 2:29), huan sunga kivui zong hi thei hi (Matt 27:7).
Lei sunga kivui ngiatna pen a diakdiakin mizawngte zat hi-a, mihaute ahih uh leh suang kuahawm kikhuak tawm sung khawngah kivui zaw uh hi. Thukham palsatna hang leh kumpi thu manlohna tuamtuam hanga thahna a thuakte nangawn zong kivui hamtang uh hi. Hamsiatna thuak-a singkhuam tunga site nangawn in zong han tang kha uh hi (Deu 21:22-23). Misi vui noplohna leh vui loh-a tuaci koihna pen Pasian thukhenna khat hi-a, a kivui kha lo misite zong a tamzaw pen hamsiatna a thuak hi mai uh hi (2 Sam 21:6, 9; 1 Kgs 14:10-13; Ps 79:1-4; Jer 8:2; 14:16; 22:19; 25:33; Rev 11:9).
Zeisu Kivuina
Nuntakna ah Zeisu i etteh mah bangin sihna le kivuina ah zong i etteh theih ding thupi hi. Zeisu in mawhnei khempeuhte tang dingin sihna hong thuak a, tua khit ciangin Arimathea khua mi Joseph ih han ah kivui hi (Matt 27:57-60). Tua banga a kivui ding mah zong tuama kum 700 lai pek-a kamsang Isaiah in a genkholh ahi hi (Isa 53:9). Ahi zongin Zeisu a kivui hangin muat lo-a (Acts 2:31), tua banga a muat loh na ding mah zong kamsangte genkholhsa ahi hi (Ps 16:10). Tua hi-a, Zeisu a kivui na pen (kihal lo) Pasian deihna hi-a, Pasian tel zong ahi hi.
Pasian Sivuina
Laisiangtho sungah Pasian ngiat in si a vuina khatvei lian bek kimu hi (Deu 34:1-5). Moses luang pen Pasian vui ngiat hi-a, Nebo mual tunga kuama theih loh na mun khatah a vui ahi hi. Banghangin Pasian in Moses luanghawm vui sese ai tam. Vantungah la to ziau thei hi na pi; vasate gamsate nesak ziau thei-a, haltum ziau thei hi na pi (hal ziau leh baihzaw le kilawm pong)! Maimangsak ziau thei-a, thakhat thu-in leisuaksak ziau thei hi na pi! A ut bangbang-a ahih thei ziauziau Pa in Moses luanghawm vui ngiat ahih leh sivuina pen Pasian muhna ah zong manpha hi kha ding hi. I sih cianga lei-ah i ciahkik zia ding pen ‘kivuina’ ngiat mah ahih zawkna zong Pasian in hong lak hi kha ding hi.
Pumpi le Kha Kizopna: Laisiangtho Muhna
Pasian in leivui la-in pumpi bawl-a, huu muamin mihing hong piangsak hi (Gen 1:26, 27). Tua ahih manin i muh theih i pumpi leh i muh theihloh i kha pen Pasian bawl hi-a, Pasian kiang pana hong kipan ahi hi. Mihing masate ahi Adam le Eve a bawl khit ciangin Pasian in hoih sa ahih manin ‘hoih mahmah hi,’ ci ngiat hi (Gen 1:31). Pumpi le kha a kigawm khit ciangin hoih mahmah hi, ci pan hi. Banghang hiam cih leh pumpi le kha a kigawm ciang bekin mihing kihi-a, i mihing hihna taktak zong pumpi le kha ah om khawm hi.
Pawlkhatte in hih ka pumpi pen kei taktak hilo hi, ci thei hi hang. Sihvuina khawngah zong ‘luanghawm’ ci tangtang hanga amah taktak pen hiah om nawn lo hi. A luanghawm bek hiah om a, tua a luanghawm pen amah hilo hi, ci thei hi hang. A khial gige ihi hi. Banghang hiam cih leh Pasian in pumpi omlo pi-in mi piangsak lo a, kha kia bek pen mihing ci ngeilo hi. Pumpi kia zong mihing ci tuanlo-a, a kigawm ciang bekin mihing, ci pan hi. Tua hi-a, i mihing hihna taktak pen i kha leh i pumpi a kigawm ciang (laitak) bekin i nei hi. Lazazuh a sih ciangin Lazazuh a si hi-a, Lazazuh pumpi bek a si, amah taktak (a kha) pen vantungah om, cih bang hi theilo hi.Zeisu in a thawhkiksak ciangin “Lazazuh luanghawm, hong pai khia,” cilo-in, “Lazazuh, hong pai khia,” ci ngiat hi. I sih ciangin ei a si ihi-a, i kha bel i Topa kiangah pai-in i pumpi bel hong kibawlna lei mahah ciahkik hi. I sih ciangin ei a si hilo, i pumpi (buuk) bek a si, cih bang om theilo hi. Zeisu a sih ciangin zong Zeisu pumpi bek a si, Amah taktak silo, kici theilo hi. A sih khit ciangin zong a luanghawm a kigenna peuhah ‘Zeisu’ mah kici ciatciat (Matt 27:57-61; Mark 15:44-47).
I kha kia kicing lo; i kha pen ei hi khin lo ihih manin Zeisu hong gupkhiatna ah i pumpi zong kihel hi. I pumpi ngiat hong kitankhia ding a (Rom 8:23), Zeisu minthanna pumpi bangin hong kilaih ding hi (Phil 3:21). Tua ahih manin Zeisu in a sisan tawh hong lei ciangin i pumpi ngiat zong hong lei ahih manin hih i pumpi ngiat mahmah tawh Pasian i pahtawi ding kisam hi (1 Cor 6:20). I pumpi ngiat hong lei ahih manin Zeisu in Ama pumpi nate hong suah a (1 Cor 6:15), Khasiangtho tenna biakinnpi zong hong suah hi (1 Cor 6:19).
Tua ahih manin gupkhiatna taktak pen i pumpi lo tawh kicing lo-a, Pasian i lungkimsak na ding, i pahtawi na ding, leh a namtui a santak biakpiakna i piak theih na dingin zong i pumpi mahmah kisam hi (Rom 12:1-2).
Pumpi lo tawh i kha zong kicing lo ahih manin Paul in i kha kia pen (pumpi lo tawh) a guaktang-a om tawh kibangin puansilh lo tawh kibang hi, ci hi (2 Cor 5:3ff). Tua hi-a, pumpi lo tawh i kha pen kicing hetlo ahihna kimu thei hi. Tua ahih manin Pasian minthanna dinga i nuntakna ah i pumpi i zat mah bangin i sih ciangin zong Pasian minthanna ding mahin zang thei le hang …
Thawhkik ni ciangin zong minthanna tawh i pumpi thokik ding, ci hi (1 Cor 15:42-44; 2 Cor 5:110). I kha kia tawh Pasian minthangsak ding, cih bang om ngeilo a, minthanna tawh i kha kidim ding, cih bang zong om ngeilo hi. Minthanna a ngah ding pen i pumpi leh i kha ahi hi. A nih-a a kigawm ciangin minthanna taktak a ngah thei pan ahi hi.
Tua ahih leh hihzahta-a thupi i pumpi, Khangsiangtho tenna leh Zeisu pumpi na khat ahi i pumpi, Pasian in a minthansak ding leh a pahtawi ding i pumpi – koici bawl leng hoih pen ding hiam? Hal leng hoih zaw ding maw, vui leng hoih zaw ding? I hal ciangin tua pumpi a susia ihi-a, i vui ciangin minthanna tawh Pasian in a thawhkiksak ding a ngak ahi hi. Khaici i tuh ciangin hong potoh mah bangin i kivui ciangin zong i thawhkik na ding a lakkhia ihi hi.
Thukhupna
1) Laisiangtho in siluang hal ding hong sawl hiam, hong hanthawn hiam? Hong sawl ngeilo-in zong hong hanthawn ngeilo hi. Laisiangtho in siluang halna tawh kisai tampi hong gen lo a, hong gen sunsunte zong Pasian thukhenna a thuakte’ kihalna khawng ahi hi. Pasian thu manlohna hanga gal kido, gal sunga si, siluang kihal, cih dan vive hi-a, hiamsiatna le thukhenna vive tawh kipaaikaan hi, cih kimu thei hi.
2) Laisiangtho in siluang hal ding hong phal hiam? Pasian thumanlohna hanga thukhenna thuakte bel a kihal ding khaam khol lo hi. Pawlkhatte bang a khaam loh bek hilo-in hal un, a cih ngiat zong om hi. Tua hi-a, Laisiangtho in siluang hal ding a khaam zenzen loh hangin zat ding ahih tuan lohna i mu thei hi.
3) Judah-te ngeina ahi-a, Laisiangtho hun lai-a ngeinate ahi zongin i zuih kul se hiam? Siluang hal lo uh ahih manin en zong hal lo ding, cihna hi pah tuan ding hiam? Judah-te ngeina le Laisiangtho hun lai-a ngeina pawlkhatte bel i zuih loh om mah hi. Gtn: Note khat le khat siangtho kinapna tawh na kinam un (1 Thess 5:26), acih hangin i kinam tuan kei hi. Kinap tangin khat le khat khut i kilen hi. Tua ahih leh sihvuina e? En zong vui kul se maw? Bang cia hal lel lo ding? Sihvuina pen Judah-te ngeina, pawlpi masate ngeina bek hilo hi. Ngeina (culture) bek tawh a kisai hilo-a, upna (theology) ngiat tawh a kisai ahi hi. Judah-te ngeina ah kivui kha mah un teh. Ahi zongin pawlpi masate ah Gentile zong tampi om uh hi. A ngeina lui uah siluang a hal tangtangte uh hi-a (Rome-te ukna nuai ah siluang kihal zaw), ahi zongin thu-um mi hong suah uh ciangin siluang hal nawnlo uh hi. Sivuina pen ngeina tawh kisai masa lo-a, upna tawh kisai zaw ahihna kimu thei hi.
4) Christian upna tawh kivuina le kihalna – koi kituak zaw? Sihvuina in thawhkikna lim lak hi. Laisiangtho in sihna le thawhkikna a gen ciangin ‘khaici kituh’ tawh hong genteh hi (1 Cor 15). ‘Khaici kihal’ ci lo a, ‘khaici kituh’ ci ngiat hi. Tui sunga si, mei sunga si, a kigawizan-a si, cih bangin sihna tuamtuam bel om sam na ven, hih tengah Paul in a gen pen mi a tamzaw ih sihna a gen ahi hi. Si-a i kivui ciangin a pokik ding khaici kituh tawh kibang hi hang, aci ahi hi. Tua hi-a, i kivui ngiatngiat mah ciangin Zeisu nungzui ihihna zong kilangh zaw a, i nuntak lai teng teci i pan mah bangin i sih ciangin zong teci a pangpang ihi hi.
5) Pasian in mihing pumpi Ama lim le mel sun-a hong bawl ahih leh koici bangin hih pumpi pahtawi thei pen ding ihi hiam? Zeisu hong gupna ah i kha bek hilo-in i pumpi mahmah zong hong gum ahih leh koici bangin hih pumpi pahtawi thei pen ding ihi hiam? Tawntung nuntak na ding zong hih i lei pumpi mah tawh khentat ihih leh i pumpi koici thupisak thei pen ding ihi hiam? Pasian in lei-a hong kibawl, lei ah na ciahkik ding – acih mah bangin lei-a a ciahkik ihi hi (Gen 3:19). I kivui ciangin Pasian deihna tawh kituak-a lei ah a ciahkik ihi hi. Kihal hi le hang i pumpi pen ama thu le ama thu-a lei ah a ciahkik hilo-in a halte’ suksiat hong suak hi. Amah le amah-a lei ah a ciahkik ding kim lai, i hal ciangin a susia ihi hi. Pasian in ama lim le mel sun-a hong bawl hih i pumpi pen a susia dingin hong sawl ngeilo hi.Tua hi-a, i hal sangin vui le hang i pumpi a pahtawi ihi zaw-a, Pasian thupiak bangin ‘hi ta hen’ aci ihi hi.
Lian Muan Kim, PhD
President & Professor of New Testament
Koinonia Baptist Seminary, Yangon
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